Bob Dole, who overcame disabling war wounds to become a sharp-tongued U.S. Senate leader from Kansas, a Republican presidential candidate and then a symbol and celebrant of his dwindling generation of Second World War veterans, has died. He was 98.
His wife, Elizabeth Dole, posted the announcement Sunday on Twitter.
Dole announced in February 2021 that he'd been diagnosed with stage 4 lung cancer.
During his 36-year career on Capitol Hill, Dole became one of the most influential legislators and party leaders in the Senate, combining a talent for compromise with a caustic wit, which he often turned on himself but didn't hesitate to turn on others, too.
He shaped tax policy, foreign policy, farm and nutrition programs and rights for the disabled, enshrining protections against discrimination in employment, education and public services in the Americans with Disabilities Act.
Today's accessible government offices and national parks, sidewalk ramps and the sign-language interpreters at official local events are just some of the more visible hallmarks of his legacy and that of the fellow lawmakers he rounded up for that sweeping civil rights legislation 30 years ago.
Advocate for wounded veterans
Dole devoted his later years to the cause of wounded veterans, their fallen comrades at Arlington National Cemetery and remembrance of the fading generation of Second World War vets.
Thousands of old soldiers massed on the National Mall in 2004 for what Dole, speaking at the dedication of the Second World War Memorial there, called "our final reunion." He'd been a driving force in its creation.
"Our ranks have dwindled," he said then. "Yet if we gather in the twilight, it is brightened by the knowledge that we have kept faith with our comrades."
Long gone from Kansas, Dole made his life in Washington, D.C., at the centre of power and then in its shadow upon his retirement, living all the while at the storied Watergate complex. When he left politics and joined a law firm staffed by prominent Democrats, he joked that he brought his dog to work so he would have another Republican to talk to.
Lost election to Bill Clinton
He tried three times to become president. The last was in 1996, when he won the Republican nomination only to see Bill Clinton re-elected president. He sought his party's presidential nomination in 1980 and 1988 and was the 1976 Republican vice-presidential candidate on the losing ticket with then-president Gerald Ford.
Through all of that, he carried the mark of war. Charging a German position in northern Italy in 1945, Dole was hit by a shell fragment that crushed two vertebrae and paralyzed his arms and legs. The young army platoon leader spent three years recovering in a hospital and never regained use of his right hand.
To avoid embarrassing those trying to shake his right hand, Dole always clutched a pen in it and reached out with his left.
Feisty with rivals, including Bush
Dole could be merciless with his rivals, whether Democrat or Republican. When George H.W. Bush defeated him in the 1988 New Hampshire Republican primary, Dole snapped: "Stop lying about my record." If that pales next to the scorching insults in today's political arena, it was shocking at the time.
But when Bush died in December 2018, old rivalries were forgotten as Dole appeared before Bush's casket in the Capitol Rotunda. As an aide lifted him from his wheelchair, an ailing and sorrowful Dole slowly steadied himself and saluted his one-time nemesis with his left hand, his chin quivering.
In a vice-presidential debate two decades earlier with Walter Mondale, Dole had famously and audaciously branded all of America's wars that century as "Democrat wars." Mondale shot back that Dole had just "richly earned his reputation as a hatchet man."
Dole at first denied saying what he had just said on that very public stage, then backed down and eventually acknowledged he'd gone too far. "I was supposed to go for the jugular," he said, "and I did — my own."
Close friends with Biden
For all of his bare-knuckle ways, he was a deep believer in the Senate as an institution and commanded respect and even affection from many Democrats. Just days after Dole announced his dire cancer diagnosis, President Joe Biden visited him at his home to wish him well. The White House said the two were close friends from their days in the Senate.
Dole won a seat in Congress in 1960, representing a western Kansas House district. He moved up to the Senate eight years later when Republican incumbent Frank Carlson retired.
There, he antagonized his Senate colleagues with fiercely partisan and sarcastic rhetoric, delivered at the behest of then-president Richard Nixon. The Kansan was rewarded for his loyalty with the chairmanship of the Republican National Committee in 1971, before Nixon's presidency collapsed in the Watergate scandal.
He served as a committee chair, majority leader and minority leader in the Senate during the 1980s and '90s. Altogether, he was the Republicans' leader in the Senate for nearly 11½ years, a record until Kentucky Sen. Mitch McConnell broke it in 2018. It was during this period that he earned a reputation as a shrewd, pragmatic legislator, tireless in fashioning compromises.
Promoted deficit-cutting tax bill
After Republicans won Senate control, Dole became chair of the tax-writing finance committee and won acclaim from deficit hawks and others for his handling of a 1982 tax bill, in which he persuaded Ronald Reagan's White House to go along with increasing revenues by $100 billion to ease the federal budget deficit.
But some more conservative Republicans were appalled that Dole had pushed for higher taxes. Georgia Rep. Newt Gingrich branded him "the tax collector for the welfare state."
Dole became Senate leader in 1985 and served as either majority or minority leader, depending on which party was in charge, until he resigned in 1996 to devote himself to pursuit of the presidency.
Democrats pushed Medicare in last campaign
That campaign, Dole's last, was fraught with problems from the start. He ran out of money in the spring, and Democratic ads painted the Republican candidate and the party's divisive House speaker, Gingrich, with the same brush: as Republicans out to eliminate Medicare. Clinton won by a large margin.
He also faced questions about his age because he was running for president at age 73 — well before Biden was elected weeks before turning 78 in 2020.
Robert Joseph Dole was born July 22, 1923, in Russell, a western Kansas farming and oil community. He attended the University of Kansas for two years before enlisting in the army in 1943.
Dole met Phyllis Holden, a therapist at a military hospital, as he was recovering from his war wounds in 1948. They were married and had a daughter, Robin. The couple divorced in 1972.
He met his second wife, Elizabeth Hanford, while she was working for the Nixon White House, and they married in 1975. She ran unsuccessfully for the Republican presidential nomination in 2000, then served a term as senator from North Carolina.
